Clearing surplus water off the land surface is referred to as:________?
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Answer: B. Surface operations
Explanation
Surface drainage operations are designed to remove excess standing water from the land surface. They utilize engineered ditches, channels, and land grading to prevent waterlogging damage. Clearing surplus water quickly protects crops from root suffocation and disease outbreaks. Poorly drained agricultural soils suffer from oxygen depletion within the root zone matrix. Surface drainage complements sub-surface tile drains to manage excess farm water effectively. Properly graded fields prevent ponding and reduce soil erosion caused by standing runoff.
Farmers install surface drainage networks to ensure timely planting and harvesting operations. Civil engineers design regional drainage canals to protect low-lying agricultural areas from floods. Effective water removal maintains optimal aeration for healthy crop root growth and development. Option A refers specifically to sub-surface drainage systems installed underground with tiles. Option C is too broad because it encompasses all drainage types rather than surface removal. Option D is wrong because sub-surface drainage operates underground instead of on the surface.
- Subject
- Agriculture
- Category
- Agriculture
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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